Adenoids are lymph nodes situated in the throat behind the nose. They form part of the lymphatic system, aiding the immune system in fighting infections and illnesses. Acting as a crucial first line of defense, adenoids work in tandem with tonsils to protect the body from infections. However, when adenoids become infected, they can lead to several health issues, including:

Middle Ear Infection: Adenoids are located near the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the throat. When adenoids are infected, the infection can spread to the ear, potentially causing a middle ear infection. Untreated, this can lead to significant consequences, such as hearing loss.
Glue Ear: When adenoids are enlarged or inflamed, they can block the Eustachian tubes, preventing normal mucus drainage from the middle ear. This results in a buildup of sticky mucus that affects hearing and can lead to nasal blockage, mouth breathing, obstructive sleep, and other problems.
Sinusitis: Infection can spread to the air-filled cavities within the skull and facial bones, causing sinusitis.
Chest Infection: Infected adenoids can lead to chest infections, affecting the bronchi (bronchitis) or lungs (pneumonia).
Vomiting: Children with inflamed adenoids may swallow significant amounts of pus while sleeping, leading to thick vomiting.

 

Symptoms of Infected Adenoids

Since adenoids are constantly exposed to germs, infections are common. Infected adenoids swell, reducing nasal airflow and causing symptoms such as:

1. Mouth breathing
2. Snoring during sleep
3. Nasal-sounding speech
4. Dry and sore throat from mouth breathing
5. Green or yellow nasal discharge

Diagnosis of Infected Adenoids

To assess the size and condition of the adenoids, a doctor may use several diagnostic tools, including:

1. A special mirror to view the mouth
2. A long, flexible tube with a light (endoscope)
3. X-ray imaging

 

For a detailed diagnosis of infected adenoids, additional tests may include:

1. Endoscopy
2. Computed Tomography (CT) scans
3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

 

Treatment of Infected Adenoids

Treatment options depend on various factors, such as the patient’s age, overall health, symptom severity, and the underlying cause of the inflammation. If oral medications do not alleviate symptoms, surgery may be recommended to treat infected adenoids and prevent further complications.

Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is responsible for enlarged adenoids, antibiotics are the first line of treatment. They are also used to treat related bacterial infections, such as sinusitis and ear infections.
Adenoidectomy (Adenoids Surgery): Surgery to remove the adenoids becomes necessary when they are significantly enlarged and cause additional health problems. This procedure generally has no side effects when performed on children.